Anchored Synthesis for Some Novel Mono and Disarylazo 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine-Based Dyestuffs as Alternatives for Benzidine-Based Dyes

A one mono and two disarylazo series of 1,2,4-benzothiadiazine-based dyestuffs has been synthesized with a view that these products, with their new all-round tinctorial properties, might find an application as new categories of direct dyes that satisfactorily replace prohibited benzidine-based dyes.

The assigned structures for the hitherto prepared dyes were confirmed on the basis of elemental analysis as well as spectral data and, whenever possible, by alternative synthetic routes. Moreover, the predominant tautomeric structures for these highly colored products were tested and discussed on the basis of their spectral behavior.     

Visible and near-infrared light activated azo dyes

The photoisomerization properties of azo derivatives have been widely used in the fields of materials and biology.One serious restriction to the development of functional azo-based materials is the necessity to trigger switching by UV light,which damage the corresponding surfaces and penetrate only partially through the matter.Therefore,developing the visible and near-infrared light activated azo switches can solve this problem.This review provides a summary of molecular design strategies for driving the isomerization of azo derivatives with visible light and near-infrared light:(1) smart design directly excited by visible light,(2) the addition of upconversion nanoparticles,(3) the employment of twophoton absorption,(4) indirect excitation in combination with metal sensitizer.     

Synthesis and photophysical properties of heptamethine cyanine–fullerene C60 dyads with non-quenched fluorescence

Two new heptamethine cyanine dye–fullerene C₆₀ covalently- linked dyads, which absorb in far-red and NIR spectral regions, have been synthesized by esterification click reaction and characterized by physicochemical methods. No significant fluorescence quenching was found due to weak electronic coupling between heptamethine moiety and fullerene core, which was confirmed by photophysical and electrochemical methods. Such dyads can be useful for cell imaging and fluorescence diagnostics of various fullerene derivatives.     

Identification of Compounds that Selectively Stabilize Specific G‐Quadruplex Structures by Using a Thioflavin T‐Displacement Assay as a Tool

Small molecules are used in the G‐quadruplex (G4) research field in vivo and in vitro, and there are increasing demands for ligands that selectively stabilize different G4 structures. Thioflavin T (ThT) emits an enhanced fluorescence signal when binding to G4 structures. Herein, we show that ThT can be competitively displaced by the binding of small molecules to G4 structures and develop a ThT‐displacement high‐throughput screening assay to find novel and selective G4‐binding compounds. We screened approximately 28 000 compounds by using three different G4 structures and identified eight novel G4 binders. Analysis of the structural conformation and stability of the G4 structures in presence of these compounds demonstrated that the four compounds enhance the thermal stabilization of the structures without affecting their structural conformation. In addition, all four compounds also increased the G4‐structure block of DNA synthesis by Taq DNA polymerase. Also, two of these compounds showed selectivity between certain Schizosaccharomyces pombe G4 structures, thus suggesting that these compounds or their analogues can be used as selective tools for G4 DNA studies.     

Squaraine dyes: The hierarchical synthesis and its application in optical detection

Squaraine dyes, a four-membered ring system with structural rigidity, possess unique photoelectrical properties and are marked by their exceptionally sharp and intense absorption associated with a strong fluorescent emission in solution. These favorable characteristics have prompted their exploitation in a number of state of the art applications including photoconductivity, data storage, light-emitting field-effect transistors, solar cells and fluorescent histological probes. In this review, we first summarize the recently proposed novel methods in the synthesis of these versatile derivatives. Subsequently, their extensive applications in the prevalent optical detection of the surrounding medium such as ions, pH, thiol-based compounds, biomolecules and cell over the past decades are covered and discussed. In addition, different categories for the synthesis and sensing mechanisms for various squaric acid-based chemo-/bio- sensors are illustrated. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in the synthesis and application of these derivatives are also briefly discussed.     

NARROW BANDWIDTH BRIGHT SCARLET ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE BASED ON N,N'-BIS[4-(N,N-DIMETHYLAMONO)-BENZYLIDENE]-DIAMINOMALEONITRILE DYE

A novel red dye, N, N'-bis[4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-benzylidene]diaminomaleonitrile (BAM), was prepared by reacting diaminomaleonitrile with 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)-benzaldehyde and were characterized by ¹H NMR, UV absorption and photoluminescence. The BAM dye showed an absorption peak wavelength of 530 nm and bright photoluminescence with a peak wavelength at 675 nm. It was used as the doped emitter for fabricating a bright scarlet organic electroluminescent (EL) device. The structure of the double-layer EL device consisted of a hole-transport layer and a luminescent layer between ITO glass and magnesium electrodes. The hole-transport layer was a poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK) film. The luminescent layer consisted of a host material, 8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq₃), and BAM dye as the dopant. A bright light with the peak of 620 nm and narrow bandwidth of 50 nm was obtained in the device with a maximum luminance of 6230 cd/m². The emission spectra almost unchanged as the luminance increased with increasing injection current and the bias voltage. A tentative explanation from both the electronic distribution viewpoint and the molecular geometric analysis for the narrow bandwidth of this red dye was offered.     

三维树枝状C/PbWO4催化剂的制备及其对不同染料的光催化降解性能

采用水热法合成了一种高结晶度的3D树枝状C/PbWO₄复合光催化剂（其中碳的质量分数分别为0.13%、0.26%、0.52%、0.78%）。应用X射线衍射、N₂物理吸附、扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、能量色散X射线光谱、紫外可见漫反射光谱、光致发光光谱和光电流响应等手段对合成样品进行了表征。研究结果表明,当C的复合量为0.52%时,催化剂在降解偶氮染料酸性橙Ⅱ、甲基橙和罗丹明B呈现出最高的光催化活性,在光照100 min内对20 mg·L^-1酸性橙Ⅱ的降解率达到97%,为纯PbWO₄的2.48倍。C/PbWO₄复合光催化剂活性提高的主要原因是掺杂在催化剂表面的C成为了电子俘获中心,有效俘获光生电子,促进光生电子和空穴分离的显著效果,从而产生更多活性物种（·OH、h⁺）参与染料分子的降解,提升光催化活性。     

染发剂中4种p-苯二胺N位取代衍生物的高效液相色谱测定法

建立了高效液相色谱(HPLC)同时测定染发剂中N,N-双(2-羟乙基)-p-苯二胺硫酸盐(DHPD)、N,N-二甲基-p-苯二胺硫酸盐(DMPD)、N,N-二乙基-p-苯二胺硫酸盐(DEPD)、N-苯基-p-苯二胺盐酸盐(PPD)4种p-苯二胺N位衍生物的方法。采用Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5μm)为固定相,25 mmol/L磷酸缓冲液(pH 6.0,含0.1%的辛烷磺酸钠)和乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速1.0 mL/min,柱温25℃,进样量20μL,检测波长250 nm和280 nm。各组分的线性范围为0.1～400 mg/L,相关系数r为0.999 2～0.999 9,检出限为18～108 mg.kg-1,定量下限为42～320 mg.kg-1,RSD<10%,加标回收率为83%～115%。该方法具有简便、快速、准确等特点,基本满足实际样品的分析要求。     

New Dual Donor–Acceptor (2D‐π‐2A) Porphyrin Sensitizers for Stable and Cost‐Effective Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

A series of porphyrin sensitizers that featured two electron‐donating groups and dual anchoring groups that were connected through a porphine π‐bridging unit have been synthesized and successfully applied in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The presence of electron‐donating groups had a significant influence on their spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties. Overall, the dual anchoring groups gave tunable electronic properties and stronger attachment to TiO₂. These new dyes were readily synthesized in a minimum number of steps in gram‐scale quantities. Optical and electrochemical data confirmed the advantages of these dyes for use as sensitizers in DSSCs. Porphyrins with electron‐donating amino moieties provided improved charge separation and better charge‐injection efficiencies for the studied dual‐push–pull dyes. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier‐transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the porphyrin dyes on TiO₂ suggest that both p‐carboxyphenyl groups are attached onto TiO₂, thereby resulting in strong attachment. Among these dyes, cis-Zn2BC2A , with two electron‐donating 3,6‐ditertbutyl‐phenyl‐carbazole groups and dual‐anchoring p‐carboxyphenyl groups, showed the highest efficiency of 4.07 %, with J_SC=9.81 mA cm^?2, V_OC=0.63 V, and FF=66 %. Our results also indicated a better photostability of the studied dual‐anchored sensitizers compared to their mono‐anchored analogues under identical conditions. These results provide insight into the developments of a new generation of high‐efficiency and thermally stable porphyrin sensitizers.     

Zinc Porphyrins with a Pyridine‐Ring‐Anchoring Group for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells

Anchoring groups are extremely important in controlling the performance of dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The design and characterization of sensitizers with new anchoring groups, in particular non‐carboxylic acid groups, has become a recent focus of DSC research. Herein, new donor? π? acceptor zinc? porphyrin dyes with a pyridine ring as an anchoring group have been designed and synthesized for applications in DSCs. Photophysical and electrochemical investigations demonstrated that the pyridine ring worked effectively as an anchoring group for the porphyrin sensitizers. DSCs that were based on these new porphyrins showed an overall power‐conversion efficiency of about 4.0 % under full sunlight (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm^?2).